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Research on medieval crusades, their historical concepts, their course, and their social and regional range. This volume offers a comparative approach to the crusade movement on the frontiers of Latin Christendom in the high Middle Ages, bringing a regional focus to research on these peripheral phenomena. It features several key questions: Which military campaigns were propagated as crusades on the peripheries of the Christian West? What efforts were made to gain recognition for them as crusades and what effects did these have? What value did the crusade movement have for societies at the fines christianitatis? What role did the cruciatae have in strengthening pan-Western sense of togetherness and solidarity, and what role did they have for creation of a crusader and frontier identity? The eighteen papers, ranging in scope from the southern and eastern Baltic regions to Iberia, Egypt and the Balkans, provide new insights into the ways in which crusade rhetoric was reflected in the culture and literature of countries involved in crusading beyond the Holy Land.

Crusades.

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Crusades --- Crusades

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Le mot "croisade" est un anachronisme puisqu'il apparaît discrètement au XIIIe siècle et ne prend son sens actuel qu'au XIXe siècle. Les contemporains ne se voyaient pas comme des croisés, et leurs motivations étaient différentes de celles que nous leur prêtons. La première croisade, préchée par le pape Urbain II au concile de Clermont en 1095, est avant tout un pèlerinage en Terre sainte, mêlant à des chevaliers une multitude de pèlerins, hommes, femmes et enfants.Au fil du temps, les enjeux et les motifs des croisades deviennent de plus en plus complexes, croisant motivations religieuses, politiques, économiques et idéologiques. Surtout, le phénomène a impliqué l'engagement des forces vives de la chrétienté. Trois rois de France, Louis VII, Philippe Auguste et Saint-Louis, ainsi que trois empereurs germaniques, ont abandonné leur pays pendant de longs mois pour apporter aide aux Francs de Terre sainte et tenter de regagner les territoires repris par l'ennemi.Ces huit expéditions, qui se sont déroulées pendant deux siècles, dessinent au final l'histoire de l'Empire latin de Constantinople et du royaume latin de Jérusalem. Histoire tragique, puisque le premier disparaît en 1261 et le second en 1295. La mort de Saint Louis, au terme de la huitième croisade, sonne le glas de ces entrprises. Avec lui meurt l'"esprit" de croisade. Une synthèse particulièrement brillante par un auteur non conformiste.

Crusades - History

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Crusades --- Historians, Arab --- History --- Crusades - Sources

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Crusade scholarship has exploded in popularity over the past two decades. This volume captures the resulting diversity of approaches, which often cross cultures and academic disciplines. The contributors to this volume offer new perspectives on topics as varied as the application of Roman law on slavery to the situation of Muslims in the Latin East, Muslim appropriation of Latin architectural spolia, the roles played by the crusade in medieval preaching, and the impact of Latin East refugees on religious geography in late medieval Cyprus. Together these essays demonstrate how pervasive the institution of crusade was in medieval Christendom, as much at home in Europe as in the Latin East, and how much impact it carried forth into the modern era. Contributors are Richard Allington, Jessalynn Bird, Adam M. Bishop, Tomasz Borowski, Yan Bourke, Sam Zeno Conedera, Charles W. Connell, Cathleen A. Fleck, Lisa Mahoney, and C. Matthew Phillips.

Crusades in art --- Crusades in art.